Issues in Criminal Law Essay Example

Issues in Criminal Law Essay Example Issues in Criminal Law Essay Issues in Criminal Law Essay Issues in Criminal Law Name: Course: Teacher: Date: Issues in Criminal Law 1. Requesting, concerning United States laws, infers the wrongdoing that includes a nascent offense that comprises an individual contribution funds or affecting someone else to execute a wrongdoing with the express plan that the individual requested carry out the wrongdoing (Herring, 2007). A case of criminal requesting is prostitution. Prostitution includes gathering cash from customers as installment for offering sexual types of assistance. It is viewed as a requesting with respect to the customer who offers money related impetuses in return for sexual administrations. Moreover, under United States laws, prostitution is a criminal offense therefore requesting is apparent where the customer impacts the whore to carry out a built up criminal offense. Another wrongdoing that is viewed as requesting is contract murdering. Murder is a criminal offense under state laws, accordingly employing an individual to carry out such an offense is requesting on the grounds that the recruited execut ioner has been impacted to take part in a criminal demonstration, and hence both are liable. Notwithstanding, the multifaceted nature of requesting has required the need to incorporate verification necessities by certain states. The necessities are intended to manage the potential shameful acts emerging from requesting charges. The authentication prerequisites direct that the separate state prove its prosecution by introducing outward proof to maintain the solicitor’s aim to advocate for crime. The restrictions are utilized by a few states whereby requesting charges need the verification of two observers or a solitary observer in addition to validating conditions. For example, the province of Iowa necessitates that the support be exhibited by clear and powerful proof. The province of North Dakota requires that the solicitant perpetrate an apparent demonstration in progression of the expressed wrongdoing in counter to the requesting (Herring, 2007). 2. Some connivance rules demand the creation of proof attributing to the clear demonstration by one of the co-plotters. In any case, such a specification goes past the traditional assignment of sales since it makes its components look to some extent like those related with connivance and endeavor. Besides, different states have endorsed comparable discipline for requesting as connivance and even approved assents that are unclear to those for the cultivated wrongdoing, giving special case just to serious offenses. Notwithstanding changing what establishes sales, there is legitimization for such a prerequisite in the solicitant demonstration. This is on the grounds that sales is acceptably hindering to the open consequently it requires discipline without thought to its repercussions. Be that as it may, only one out of every odd legitimate case requires the proof of an obvious demonstration by ay of the backstabbers. For example, the most widely recognized connivance act to be addresses by the United States Supreme Court as not requiring a plain demonstration is intrigue for illegal tax avoidance. The scheme to submit tax evasion doesn't require proof of a plain demonstration in headway of the intrigue, since there is no commission for the consideration of an obvious go about as a major aspect of the trick lawful offense (Herring, 2007). 3. The Fourth Amendment advocates for insurance against silly pursuits and fear, along with necessity of any warrant to be judicially approved and upheld by sensible grounds by the law agents to complete a private or property search. The alteration doesn't require cops to utilize exorbitant power while during the time spent looking or capturing suspected people. Furthermore, the Fourth Amendment permits cops to utilize power just when executing a capture, which is sensible thinking about the conditions. Thusly, the power ought not be exorbitant with the end goal that it damages or jeopardizes the suspect in inquiries since it will be disregarding the Fourteenth Amendment as well as the Eighth Amendment’s Cruel and Unusual Punishments provision. In this manner, under the Fourth Amendment, it is important to recognize the standard of sensibility and the fair treatment approach. Sensibility of the power is controlled by the overall circumstances relying upon the degree of vicious ness. Then again, the fair treatment approach expressed in the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment accommodates autonomous fortress to secret agreements and thus limiting different social and financial arrangements (Epstein Walker, 2007). Additionally, the methodology precludes bureaucratic and state governments structure denying any person of their benefits without fair treatment of law. The sensibility approach thinks about to the fair treatment approach since both put the privileges of individuals over government and state rights with translation to the law. 4. The barrier of property includes an individual utilizing power to ensure their own property against an alternate individual who is taking steps to negate on the person’s right of ownership in such property. The utilization of power to ensure property is constrained contrasted with the utilization of power to safeguard one ’s self or others. Nonetheless, state that the power utilized with regards to property ought to be sensible. The utilization of deadly power to just protect property against another person’s obstruction with a similar property is illicit anyway unlawful the encroachment. Conversely, lethal power can be utilized if there is proof of another utilization of the power. The utilization of power necessitates that the one utilizing such power be the proprietor of the property or be in lawful ownership of it to warrant the person in question, the capacity to utilize power to ensure it. Be that as it may, utilization of savage power isn't permitted wh ere the individual doesn't have the property in case of insurance. In any case, an individual who isn't the proprietor can shield the property however use non-deadly power. The palace principle alludes to the legitimate teaching that furnishes residents of America with the rights and benefits to use fatal power inside the limitations of their homes for assurance. So as to utilize savage power, the inhabitant must demonstrate that the gatecrasher had the expectation of submitting hurt and had the goal of executing lawful offense. In any case, the tenant must have not incited the gatecrasher to submit hazardous acts. Make me day rules are a piece of the Castle Doctrine and they are for the security of people from any criminal allegation emerging from the utilization of savage power against interlopers in the occupant’s home (Epstein Walker, 2007). References Epstein, L., Walker, Thomas G. (2007). Established Law for a Changing America: Rights, Liberties, and Justice. Washington, D.C., United States: CQ Press. Herring, J. (2007). Criminal law. Basingstoke, England: Palgrave Macmillan.

Ship Breaking Industries of Bangladesh

Shipbreaking Activities in Bangladesh and crash of Marine Biodiversity Prabal Barua Associate Program Officer YPSA The marine condition of the beach front water is crucial to humanity on a worldwide just as on neighborhood premise concerning vitality. Man is turning into a predominant piece of the biological system in numerous districts, because of his different employments of the marine condition. So the soundness of marine environment is a significant factor in man own existence.The Bay of Bengal which is a potential bode of marine life just as for it’s immense seaside networks is presently constantly dirtied by various kinds of poison through inundation of land base and different sources and put a disturbing sign of mindfulness about contamination in the ocean. The beach front territories of Chittagong Support a complex trophic association continue a high biodiversity including some endemic species and are profoundly powerless to obstruction from exercises. Beach front biol ogical system makes a practical job especially to seaside angling communities.Ship breaking yards along the bank of Chittagong (Faujdarhat to Kumira) has become a foremost significance in the full scale and smaller scale financial setting of neediness stricken Bangladesh. Shipbreaking exercises present both test and open door for beach front zone the board in comprehensive way. The historical backdrop of boat breaking is as about old as shipbuilding. As we realize that a boat is generally an enormous vessel equipped for working in the profound sea. The term ‘vessels’ applies to the vessels of more than 5000 tons and that can explore in open seas.In Bangladesh transport breaking is famously known as ‘Beaching’. Boat breaking began as a business in Bangladesh in 1972. Preceding that, 2/3 boats were rejected during Pakistan period. It began consequently when a 20000 DWT vessel was drive shorewards by the staggering sea swell of 1965. That was the principal tra nsport rejected on the 2 Chittagong ocean sea shore. At present, transport breaking is led in a zone of around 10 km by 32 out of 110 boat Breaking yards from Bhatiari, Sonaichhari, kumira under the Sitakunda upazilla of Chittagong.The Department of Environment (DoE) has arranged the Ship Breaking Industry (SBI) as ‘Red’ in 1995(EIA rules for the Industries, 1997). The Environmental Impact appraisal (EIA) isn't directed before the foundation of SBI. As there is no checking cell, the Shipyard proprietors are working their business overwhelmingly just as unpredictably. They are less cognizant about perils, poisonousness and ecological contamination though increasingly cognizant about their advantage. Squanders of the rejected boats are released straightforwardly into its nearby zones which are at last depleting into the Bay of Bengal.These squanders particularly oil and sleek substances, PCBs, TBTs, PAHs and so on and various kinds of follow and substantial metals (Cd, Pb , and Hg) are being aggregated into the marine biota. Subsequently, marine fisheries decent variety of the Chittagong coast that bolsters profoundly enhanced marine water fishes, mollusks and benthic creatures and so on is at the stake directly right now. Additionally the Coastal occupants/fisher people lead their occupations as well as exclusively rely upon the beach front assets for their protein source.The CPUE (Catch Per Unit exertion) has definitely been decreased to the greater part similarly of a couple of decades back. As a result, the beach front fisher people are at the stake of their reality. They are either leaving their inherited calling or relocating to different places and turning out to be ‘environmental refugees’. That is the reason their financial status is underneath the neediness level. There are scarcely any examinations was never really out the linkage between Ship breaking action (SBA) and the marine contamination, sway on fisheries biodiversity a nd jobs of the anglers community.In those explores, specialists considered Bhatiary to Kumira as influenced zone and Sandwip Island as control zone from the shipbreaking action. The eastern side of Sandwip has been considered as control site in light of the fact that these are corner to corner inverse and off the SBYs and the water and soil characteristics are obviously liberated from poisons as uncovered from the prior investigations. From the past examination we found that follow metals fixation in residue at shipbreaking region are such a great amount of higher than proposal by GESAMP (Joint Group of Experts on the Scientific Aspects of Marine Pollution).But the specialists found that Sandwip which is altogether very lower than that of silt at influenced zone. The estimations of Lead (Pb), Cadmium(Cd) and Mercury(Hg) discovered six and half; eight and half and ninety four times higher than that of guaranteed esteems separately. These could be ascribed to the joined impacts of oil and oil spillage, oil hydrocarbons from ships, big haulers, automated vessels and so on. During the examination all the specialist discovered water characteristics, for example, Hydrogen Ion H Concentration (p ), Dissolve Oxygen (D. O), Biochemical Oxygen Demand (B. O. D), Chemical Oxygen Demand (C. O.D), Total Suspended Solid (TSS), Total Dissolved Solid (TDS), Oil and Ammonia (NH3) were focused as a higher incentive in influenced territory than control region as per the standard estimation of water quality for the beach front water of Bangladesh (EQS, 1991). All the parameters watched such a higher, that they surpassed the estimation of EQS. Be that as it may, the water parameters in Sandwip channel were ideal and close to the estimation of EQS standard. Water characteristics in influenced territory surpassed the EQS standard which uncovers that the water body of the contiguous zone of boat breaking yards isn't appropriate for the presence of greenery and fauna.The higher fixatio n was because of the release of different reject oils and slick substances, colors, synthetic concoctions, iron pieces, different sorts of metal rusts, solids, colors, disintegration of soil dust and so on from the boat breaking yards. Poisons are likewise released from the Sitakunda mechanical territory into the run-off open to the Bay. Effect of Marine Biodiversity: Biodiversity, which is sort for organic assorted variety, is the term used to portray the entire assortment of life on earth. In well known use, the word biodiversity is frequently used to portray all the species living in a specific area.Biodiversity can be summed up as â€Å"Life on earth. † It is characterized as â€Å" The assortments of life on earth at all its levels, from qualities to biological system, and the environmental and transformative procedures that support it. † The complete biodiversity of a territory can be separated into two various leveled parts: the quantity of useful sorts of (crea tures and plants) or biological systems (backwoods, prairie, tundra and marine intertidal) and the quantity of practically equal life forms inside each utilitarian type.There are three kinds of angles to biodiversity: species decent variety, hereditary assorted variety and environment decent variety. Each of the three connect and change after some time and here and there. Phytoplankton is the essential food makers of the sea-going natural surroundings and assumes a significant job in the evolved way of life. Phytoplankton is the best file of the organic profitability. Investigation of phytoplankton demonstrated that during storm, Aanabaena , Clostratrum(10. 98%) and Coscinodiscus(21. 97%), Euglena (9. 89%) and Zygnema (30. 76%) and during post storm Coscinodiscus (97. 5%) and Euglena (2. 5%) ruled in the influenced site.In the control site of Sandwip, these were ruled as 30. 41%, 19. 46%; 17. 03%; 9. 73%; 23. 35% in the storm and 94. 73% and 5. 26% separately in the post rainstorm. All through the investigation time frame the plenitude of phytoplankton at influenced site was 91 cells/l in rainstorm season and 80 cells/l in post storm season and in control site it was 411 cells/l in storm season and 190 cells/l in post storm season. Floating little skimming creatures, in the water body are all things considered known as zooplankton on which the entire oceanic life depends straightforwardly or indirectly.As zooplankton is delicate to ideal condition, so the beach front contamination because of boat breaking exercises may have significant effects on its endurance and event. Examination of zooplankton demonstrated that Calanoida, Cyclopedia, Sagitta, Lucifer and so forth in the storm and Calanoida; Acetes shrimp; Lucifer and Zoea in the post rainstorm were commanded in the influenced site as uncovered during zooplankton investigation while in the control site the prevailing zooplankton were found as Calanoida, Cylpclpedia, Sagitta and Zoea during the post rainstor m and Calanoida; Acetes shrimp, Lucifer, Cladocera and Zoea in the post storm respectively.The base living life forms â€the benthos assume a significant job in the evolved way of life particularly in the bury flowing zone and it is likewise all around perceived that the most extravagant fisheries of the world are firmly identified with the benthic networks. Among the full scale benthos, Amphipods, Polychaetes, Nemertina and Fish egg in the storm and Nemertina, Cladocera, Cyclopoida and Calanoida were seen as commanded at the influenced site.But at the control site, Amphipod, Polychaete, Nemertina, Fish egg during the rainstorm and Cladocera, Nemertina , Calanoida and Polychaete in the post rainstorm were ruled So, the plenitude of large scale benthos in influenced site was 118. 46 ind. /m3 in rainstorm season and 4186. 74 ind. /m3 in post storm season, while in the control site 368. 28 ind. /m3 in rainstorm season and 14204. 41 ind. /m3 in post storm season.The fishery assets of the zone is by all accounts influenced by the boat breaking exercises as uncovered by expanded angling endeavors, decreased species assorted variety, expanded measure of refuse fish. Level extension of the boat breaking yards has presented danger not exclusively to the enhanced waterfront assets yet additionally on the nearby seaside occupants uniquely the fisher people. The angling villages of this investigation were discovered in reverse in the field of essential instruction and wellbeing that are the fundamental requirements for them.Communication and drinking water gracefully were obser

Woolworths Limited and Criticisms From Public

Question: Talk about the Woolworths Limited and Criticisms From Public. Answer: Presentation Corporate Governance is a lot of rules and guidelines premise which an organization is coordinated to perform and is controlled also. Fundamentally it is worried about support of an equalization of enthusiasm between the different partners of an organization, for example, the investors, lenders, representatives, the administration controllers just as the general public all in all. The monetary condition in todays world is to such an extent that adherence to these corporate administrative necessities and administration is of most extreme significance. Absence of sufficient administration has prompted liquidations, for example, that of One Tel, Lehman Brothers and some more. In any case, it is likewise to be comprehended that corporate administration approaches once planned needs convenient audit too in order to guarantee its viability. Expanding globalization and its significance has represented a test for these controllers. Australian organizations are looking forward to grow internationally and yet keeping up their Australian personality. Globalization is useful for the economy of Australia and yet sufficient corporate administration too which are governed by a scope of administrative specialists, for example, the Australian Securities Exchange (ASX), the Australian Prudential Regulation Authority (APRA), the Australian Securities and Investment Commission (ASIC). Anyway the equivalent is blended in with the other planned prerequisites which structure the corporate administration in Australia. The said paper discusses how Woolworths Limited has been acting in the ongoing past, featuring upon the administration conventions and practices it has been following. Further the zones where the Company has succeeded and comparably the zones where it has bombed in its Corporate Governance rehearses. About Woolworths Limited The said organization is recorded in the ASX and is a main business element occupied with the food and drink industry which likewise creates alcohol. It is into retail business and is positioned as number two after Wesfarmers. It is known under the brand name Woolworths in Australia and Countdown in New Zealand. The companys current years execution was not all that promising wherein it announced lost $1.235 billion for the money related year 2016. This is the greatest ever misfortune announced in two decades since the Company turned into a piece of the ASX. The principle explanation for the equivalent was that it needed to record more than $2 billion because of a disappointment in the Masters Business and misfortunes it endured in the Big W business (Australian Food News, 2015). Woolworths Limited is a multi-faceted association and its ongoing misfortune is attractive for everyone, every one of its financial specialists and the partners. So much that many workers have lost their positions Although corporate administration has consistently been the most significant position of the organization for example to guarantee that the investors riches is boosted and their assets are not abused. It guarantees that its directorate demonstration in the most moral way and play out their obligations to the greatest advantage of the organization. According to the administration system of the Company, the whole board is chosen by the investors yet for the CEO and the Managing Director. The directorate fundamental job was to guarantee that the presentation of the different organizations is done according to the arrangements and systems. The choices of the CEO are affirmed by the Board. Further it likewise expresses that the CEO is capable the direct of the day by day activit ies of the organization as per moral gauges which includes guaranteeing a straightforward mentality towards the workers. Reactions Faced by Woolworths Limited Current years execution of the Company made it face different reactions. It obviously shows that what it states in the Corporate Governance Statement and what it conveys are differentiating commonly. The disappointment of Masters was a success over the corporate administration which the Company used to follow. The year 2009 was the one when the Board was careless and certain conceit had plagued into the higher echelons of the organization, they wound up putting resources into Masters (Swan, 2016). From that point forward, the said portion of the Company has never made benefits out of the equivalent yet proceeded with the said business for five long a long time until the misfortunes took off up to $500 million. This is a case of terrible administration by the Board who didn't pay regard to the misfortune that the said adventure is bringing about on a year on year premise and squeezing the top line of the Company (McConnell, 2016). Further the Board didn't take activities to extemporiz e on the said business in order to turn the said venture productive. It worked in a way which could never involve advantages to the Company for example it attempted to duplicate the market that exists in United States in Australia without understanding the requests of the residents of Australia. The Company took too long to even think about understanding that the choice taken by the then Chairman was a slip-up. Without paying regard to the estimation of the investors riches and so as to give a major rivalry to Bunnings part of Wesfarmers business, the Company wound up losing a great deal of the investors riches. The Board so as to focus its endeavors towards Masters, wound up overlooking the benefit of the whole gathering for example neglected to focus upon its center business of food and drinks. This is the place the organization needed playing out its obligations of corporate administration (legalvision.com, 2016). They neglected to perform one of the most significant target for example improvement of the investor esteem alongside guaranteeing that the exercises of the Group are overseen effectively. In spite of the fact that the corporate administration articulation articulated by the Company expresses the Risk Management Policy and Framework yet the equivalent was not followed in the said case. The hazard supervisory groups principle objective was to direct an opportune appraisal of the different organizations where the Company is included, particularly the misfortune making wings and dissect concerning how it was affecting the companys by and large methodologies and execution. Its target incorporates shielding of Companys resources also. Anyway it neglected to convey if there should be an occurrence of Masters and didn't embody the effect it was making on the general execution of the Company so much that it needed to report a misfortune breaking the record of recent years. The 2009 Board was obstinate to the point that the Company surely understood that there was a high hindrance to the section in this fragment because of strength of Bunnings yet it continued demanding because of which there costs expanded (Pash, 2016). Anyway the past Board didn't prevent from its choice and attempted to demonstrate to the partners that their choice was correct. So as to demonstrate a similar they wound up trading off upon the fundamental witticism of the Company. At the point when the new Chairman was eventually delegated and the organization of the Board was changed, it is then that there was an insurgency purchased to the planning of the matter of Woolworths Limited. Lamentably, even at present the Company has not had the option to escape from the chiefs who were a section such a terrible choice. One of the principle persuader of the said extension of equipment was the then executive of business improvement Grant O Brien. He was the one answerable for the turn out of a similar who neglected to try and comprehend the market request of Australia (Evans, 2016). Anyway following two years of securing Masters, he turned into the CEO of the whole Woolworths. His abrupt methodology of expanding its productivity edges was not taken in the correct walk by the clients and they decided to leave Woolworths and shop somewhere else. Anyway he is as yet the CEO while a swap is being scanned for. The most stunning was that the Company wound up testing for five long a very long time with the abundance of untouchables who had faith in the Company and its exhibitions. Further the corporate administration conventions characterize the individuals from the board to act in a dependable way yet they wound up breaking the equivalent. Another analysis which the Company confronted with respects the said disappointment was the absence of a decent work culture. The contender had an increasingly open finished structure though Woolworths Masters structure was close finished wherein the approach had in clear terms expressed all staff were to stop tail-in to the kerb (Stewart, 2016). The Company neglected to include its clients as well. The most clear explanation behind such a disappointment was absence of satisfactory system and thought before executing any choice. The Board carried on youthfully so much that it wound up purchasing lands with the goal that the contender Bunnings would not open up more current stores and baffle the equivalent. The said approach in itself was exceptionally adolescent not expected to be taken by the Board of an organization like Woolworths (Murphy, 2015). Further the sort of stores it opened caused individuals to accept that its items would be costly and thus they adhered to their old stores. Another profoundly surprising advance taken by the Company was that so as to maintain the Masters Business, Woolworths wound up settling on their principle business of grocery store chains which secured the edges of the organization in order to kill the effect of the misfortunes it endured because of Masters (Bartholomeusz, 2016). This was again a choice incredibly reprimanded by the investors and the speculators as a similar drove the Wesfarmers and the Coles to pick up force in the race. Another case of awful corporate administration followed by the administration of Woolworths Limited was with respects Big Ws turnaround procedure. Workers of a worry are likewise the duty of the administration and they need to guarantee to keep up an offset of enthusiasm with them and the general public all in all (Thumm, 2016). Anyway it neglected to do and didn't keep up the necessary degree of straightforwardness and moral conduct with them. As per the Australian Financial Review, Big W has dealt with its severances inappropriately and that its representatives were uninformed o

Positive and Negative Effects of Technological Devices - 550 Words

Positive and Negative Effects of Technological Devices (Essay Sample) Content: NameProfessorCourseDatePositive and Negative Effects of Technological Devices and Software on BusinessesThe business world today is composed of many technological devices. Today there are microprocessor based devices and software systems that are capable of performing various tasks such as bookkeeping, equipment and quality control and monitoring of operations among other functions. Many businesses are scaling up due to advancement in technology. However, these positive impacts come with their negative sides, as we illustrated in the essay. This essay discusses the positive and negative effects of technological devices and software as the primary means of business communication.The use of technological devices and software reduce the costs of running a business while increasing the speed of accessing information. Today, mobile phones are used in business to relay information from one end to another. (Hill 112)This technology replaces the use of postage mails that take a lot of time to reach their destination. The cost of sending postage mails overseas is high compared to the cost of making an international call. Application of fiber optics in transmitting information in business has made it possible to transmit and relay large batches of information. Transmission can occur from a business headquarters to its branches, ultimately contributing to the effective management of a business, and thus the success of the business.Software systems are accurate, efficient and improve productivity. Systems capable of performing financial accounting are in operation. These software systems are very quick, in that one needs only input the necessary data, and the software produces the desired results. Such software systems have made bookkeeping very easy given that in the past people did the calculations manually. The software systems are efficient in that they are have automated operations. Software systems for facilities management and process control improve efficiency in the production and service delivery, through careful quality monitoring of preset benchmarks while reducing wastages. With the virtual office concept, video conferencing facilities and the internet have enabled staff to work from various locations thereby eliminating the need for travel, ultimately improving productivity. (Attaran 584)The major disadvantage of these systems stems from the substantial capital expenditure involved in their purchase and installation. The businesses incur additional costs that include; system maintenance costs, cost of electricity and the cost of internet facilities. The additional costs result in the shrinking of business profits. These systems are also prone to security threats from hacking, viruses and data loss due to equipment malfunctioning. Therefore, the business is forced to invest in antiviruses, firewalls and antispyware. Embracing these technologies cause staff to undergo retraining that may be tedious especially for the aging workforce, time-consuming and expensive. (Attaran 556) These systems also eliminat... Positive and Negative Effects of Technological Devices - 550 Words Positive and Negative Effects of Technological Devices (Essay Sample) Content: NameProfessorCourseDatePositive and Negative Effects of Technological Devices and Software on BusinessesThe business world today is composed of many technological devices. Today there are microprocessor based devices and software systems that are capable of performing various tasks such as bookkeeping, equipment and quality control and monitoring of operations among other functions. Many businesses are scaling up due to advancement in technology. However, these positive impacts come with their negative sides, as we illustrated in the essay. This essay discusses the positive and negative effects of technological devices and software as the primary means of business communication.The use of technological devices and software reduce the costs of running a business while increasing the speed of accessing information. Today, mobile phones are used in business to relay information from one end to another. (Hill 112)This technology replaces the use of postage mails that take a lot of time to reach their destination. The cost of sending postage mails overseas is high compared to the cost of making an international call. Application of fiber optics in transmitting information in business has made it possible to transmit and relay large batches of information. Transmission can occur from a business headquarters to its branches, ultimately contributing to the effective management of a business, and thus the success of the business.Software systems are accurate, efficient and improve productivity. Systems capable of performing financial accounting are in operation. These software systems are very quick, in that one needs only input the necessary data, and the software produces the desired results. Such software systems have made bookkeeping very easy given that in the past people did the calculations manually. The software systems are efficient in that they are have automated operations. Software systems for facilities management and process control improve efficiency in the production and service delivery, through careful quality monitoring of preset benchmarks while reducing wastages. With the virtual office concept, video conferencing facilities and the internet have enabled staff to work from various locations thereby eliminating the need for travel, ultimately improving productivity. (Attaran 584)The major disadvantage of these systems stems from the substantial capital expenditure involved in their purchase and installation. The businesses incur additional costs that include; system maintenance costs, cost of electricity and the cost of internet facilities. The additional costs result in the shrinking of business profits. These systems are also prone to security threats from hacking, viruses and data loss due to equipment malfunctioning. Therefore, the business is forced to invest in antiviruses, firewalls and antispyware. Embracing these technologies cause staff to undergo retraining that may be tedious especially for the aging workforce, time-consuming and expensive. (Attaran 556) These systems also eliminat...

The Beast That Burned Lord Of The Flies Analysis - 721 Words

The Beast that Burned In William Golding’s striking novel, Lord of the Flies, Golding explains human descent through the beast and the burning fire. The beast is a pressing topic that follows the boys throughout the novel. The boys attempt across the novel to discover what sort of the creature the beast is and destroy it. But what is the beast? Is it a terrible monster? No, the beast is the savagery that exists inside the boys. One of the first signs that Golding conveys that the beast lives inside the boys is when the beast says â€Å"You [Simon] knew, didn’t you? I’m part of you† when the Lord of the Flies is talking to Simon (143). This shows that the beast of the island, the Lord of the Flies, is part of the boys and living inside them.†¦show more content†¦The fire is a symbol of civilization and hope that falls apart as the novel continues. But the fire is also a symbol of destruction that threatens to destroy the island. Golding shows how fire is a symbol of civilization at the beginning of the novel when Ralph says â€Å"We must make a fire† and the boys quickly say back â€Å"A fire , make a fire†(38). This shows how the boys want to return to civilization and the hope that they will be rescued. The boys are determined to go back home and not succumb to savagery. Later in the book savagery starts to take over when Jack lets the fire go out. Ralph starts saying â€Å"There was a ship†¦. You[Jack] said you’d keep the fire going,† showing how the fire is a return to civilization (70). The fire was their hope for a ship to come and take them back to civilization. Without the fire, the boys start going into a downhill descent into savagery. Without the fire, the hope of the boys slowly dwindles making the boys not contemplate clearly of their actions. Finally, at the end of the novel, Golding illustrates how the fire is destructive and savage. In the midst of the fire Ralph thinks how the â€Å"fire must be almost a the fruit trees--what would they eat tomorrow,† to reveal what the fire does to the island (197). In this example, the f ire was a flaming mass that was destroying their food and home. This was no controlled fire but an act of savagery brought forth upon the boys. In Golding’s novel the Lord ofShow MoreRelatedBiblical Allusions in Lord of the Flies2536 Words   |  11 Pagesstubborn and selfish was expressed though disobeying my parents- In the end, I got burned. Similarly, in Sir William Golding’s Lord of the Flies, biblical allusions are used to give additional meaning and depth to the book and to show the ways in which humans transfer their inner evil into outward behavior. Evil doesn’t begin from the outside world; instead it begins in the core of human beings. The novel Lord of the Flies shows the breakdown of society without authority, a code of conduct, and failureRead MoreReview Of Charlotte Bronte s Jane Eyre 10879 Words   |  44 Pageswoman, in the style of Blanche Ingram: tall, dark, and majestic† (352). Ugly (probably due to her animalistic qualities and her insanity) â€Å"In the deep shade, at the farther end of the room, a figure ran backwards and forwards. What it was, whether beast or human being, one could not, at first sight, tell: it grovelled, seemingly on all fours; it snatched and growled like some strange wild animal: but it was covered with clothing, and a quantity of dark, grizzled hair, wild as a mane, hid its headRead MoreConfucianism in Journey to the West31834 Words   |  128 PagesUniversity of Leiden 14 June 2012 Department: Language and Culture of China Course: Visual Political Communication (BA3) Semester: Summer Semester 2011/2012 Lecturer: Florian Schneider Journey to the West A Textual-Visual Discourse Analysis Name: Stefan Ruijsch (Student No. 0620203) Major: Chinese Studies, BA 3 E-mail: s.ruijsch@umail.leidenuniv.nl Phone: 06-48369645 Address: Vrijheidslaan 256, 2321 DP Leiden Word Count: 9,387 Table of Contents pageRead MoreStylistic Potential of the English Noun16714 Words   |  67 Pages-30 1.5.4 Stylistic potential of the category of article determination -34 Chapter Two. Analysis of examples taken from fiction on the basis of considered theoretical phenomena -42 2.1 Analysis of the examples regarding the category of gender -43 2.2 Analysis of the examples regarding the category of number -53 2.3 Analysis of the examples regarding the category of case -55 2.4 Analysis of the examples regarding the category of article determination Read MoreIgbo Dictionary129408 Words   |  518 Pagespalatalized consonant. It is not, however, a conclusive argument against the /b/ plus /y/ interpretation, for it can be argued that only the first consonant of a cluster is reduplicated. 3. The palatalized consonant solution draws a parallel with the analysis of kw, gw, etc., as single labialized consonants. But their behaviour is not parallel; thus á »â€¹kwà   (to push) has the imperative kwà  a (and not *kà ¹Ã¯â‚¬ ¨a) and the gerund à ²Ã¯â‚¬ ¤kwà ¹Ã¯â‚¬ ¨kwà   (and not *à ²Ã¯â‚¬ ¤kà ¹Ã¯â‚¬ ¨kwà  ). Again, this is not an argument against the cluster interpretationRead MoreManagement Course: Mba−10 General Management215330 Words   |  862 Pagesmust be performed and try to devise the work systems that allow their organizations to operate most efï ¬ ciently. The Gilbreths Two prominent followers of Taylor were Frank Gilbreth (1868–1924) and Lillian Gilbreth (1878–1972), who reï ¬ ned Taylor’s analysis of work movements and made many contributions to time-and-motion study.15 Their aims were to (1) break up and analyze every individual action necessary to perform a partic- 26 Jones−George: Contemporary Management, Fourth Edition I. Management

History of international trade in islamic finance Research Paper

Essays on History of international trade in islamic finance Research Paper Finance and accounting: history of international trade in Islamic finance History of international trade in Islamic finance Introduction Islamic finance is a theme about which several non-Muslims do not know much and even understand less. In fact most businesses, the only time they are bound to make an indirect contact with an Islamic financial institution or bank is when importers in a Muslim nation arranges credit for an international transaction through such as an institution opening the only opportunity to have some of the documents get to go through your country’s exporter or its bank. All through the medieval era (1000-1500 AD), the Middle Eastern tradesmen engaged in financial transactions purely on Sharia basis which by the way, was guided by similar values, just like their counterparts in Europe at the time. Thus, Arabs from Ottoman Empire established strong international trade connections with the Spanish as well as put up strong financial systems devoid of interest and operated on a profit-loss sharing formula. Such instruments as these took care of the financing of trade as well as other businesses (Al-Suwaidi, 1994). Research methodology This research will focus on the historical perspective of international trade in Islamic finance. The kind of research that will be implemented in this study is qualitative research. Qualitative research will endeavour to collect information in an endeavour to gain an in-depth understanding of the origins of international Islamic finance as well its influence and spread to other countries. In addition, the research will trace the evolution of international trade finance up to its current status (White McBurney, 2010). Sampling method-This research paper will make use of chain or snowball sampling which will identify cases that are relevant and of interest to the topic given. This may be carried out by interviewing information-rich individuals as well as doing literature review that focuses purely on evaluating all readily accessible materials. Such materials will comprise appropriate historical journals of information, relevant research papers that have been done, important trade publications, on-line data resources, as well as any other relevant published materials. This is a very cheap method of collecting information, even though it frequently does not provide information that is timely or current. I would like to make use of this sampling method because it is readily available, inexpensive, easy to use, has got a lot of varied information as well as its accuracy. Literature searches are also very fast especially over the internet and those done in libraries also do take quite a short period of time, usually between 1 to 4 weeks. As the Asian and Middle Eastern areas became significant trading partners for European corporations such as the Dutch East India Company, financial institution and banks from Europe began to set up branches in these nations, which normally were on the basis of interest. With the significantly increasing role, Western nations began to operate in the world economy; conservative financial institutions became more central to business activities. Credit unions as well as cooperative societies, though on a small scale based on principles of profit and loss sharing continued existing, however their operations were very much centered in tiny geographical regions (Murat, 2011). It was, however, not till the mid 1980s that international trade in Islamic finance began to grow and expand exponentially. Considering the growing importance of Islamic trade finance and banking, it is extremely important for Non-Muslims, as well as their financial institutions to acquire some understanding of the hi story of international trade in Islamic finance, where it is coming from, going and its impact on the international business arena. International trade in Islamic finance goes back, theoretically that is, as early as 17th century, however, it was implemented and practiced in last century (Natalie, 2008). While the likelihood of islamising the financial system was debated as early as the 1890s and the initial modern experimenting with Islamic banking was not done till 1963 in Mit Ghamr-an Egyptian town. The Mit Ghamr was basically a cooperative society whereby depositors were granted right to get small loans for useful purposes only. Consequently, the project also attracted funding for investing in various projects, however on the profit-sharing principle. Even then, a lot of care had to be taken to make sure that it projected no Islamic likeness, for the basic fear of being viewed as a demonstration of Islamic fundamentalism which was an abomination of the political regime at that point in time. Consequently, the bank earning its revenue from profit-sharing investments instead of interest greatly thrived. Thus when in 1967, it finally was dissolved, mostly due to (pressure from the government), nine such banks had merged in the country. Later the Mit Ghamr experience was revived in 1 971 by its founder, however, this time round with the support of the government as a state-run business known as the Nasser Social bank. A key role was played by the organisation of the Islamic conference (OIC) at multi-national level with the setting up, in 1975, of Islamic Development Bank (IDB).The IDB was launched in Jeddah majorly with the backing up of the Saudi ruling family. Currently, the IDB performs a key role especially in international trade in Islamic finance amongst member nations as well as between the industrialized worlds in addition to member states. Gulf business concerns performed a big part in the fast expansion of Islamic finance during this period. By 1977, the increasing number of Islamic financial institutions led to the setting up of the International Association of Islamic Banks (IAIB) to assist in cooperation between banking institutions from various regions of the globe. Exchange of information between the financial institutions is made possible by a rising number of research institutions as well as university research programmes dedicated to the study of Islamic banking, finance and eco nomics (Abdullahi Chee, 2010). International Islamic trade finance is currently a 250-380 billion dollar industry as far as its assets are concerned, held by more than 250 interest free Islamic institutions presently operating in more than 80 countries. Countries such as Iran and Pakistan have even set up entirely Islamic state-run financial systems. In addition, countries such as Malaysia have come up with parallel conventional and Islamic systems, providing a wide range of complicated interest-free investment and instruments products. In international trade in Islamic finance, capital is an important factor of production and therefore it is acknowledged that there is a related cost. It is important to note that all product structures in international trade in Islamic finance must have an underlying identifiable asset or enterprise and are on basis of sharing of risk-reward for all involved parties. Islamic finance market is here to stay and is exponentially growing; continuously having new entrants in the market daily (Visser, 2013). References Abdullahi,D., Chee, K. (2010). Islamic Finance:understanding its Principles and Practices. New York,NY: Marshall Cavendish International. Ahmed, A. (1994). Finance of International Trade in the Gulf. New York,NY: Brill. Alice, J. (1996). Islamic Law And the Finance of International Trade. Syme Department of Banking and Finance , 1-16. Hans, V. (2013). Islamic Finance:Principles and Practice,2nd Edition. New York,NY: Edward Elgar Publishing,Inc. Jason, C. (2006). Islamic Principles Governing International Trade Financing Instruments. Northwestern Journal of International Law Business , 1-15. Monzer, K. (1997). Financing International Trade:An Islamic Alternative. Thunderbird International Business review , 1-10. Murat, C. (2011). Islamic capitalism and Finance:Origins,Evolution and the Future. New York,NY: Edward elgar Publishing,Inc. Natalie, S. (2008). Islamic Finance-a History. Financial Services Review , 10-12. Sufyan, I. (2004). Islamic Finance Expanded. Ethical ltd , 1-18. White, T., McBurney, D. (2010). Research Methods. New York,NY: Wadsworth Cengage Learning.

The Relations Between Native Americans and Colonists free essay sample

This feeling of superiority led to an outbreak of violence and many different civil Wars. Due to the Native American and the Colonists irreconcilable differences many casualties were suffered by both sides leading to more wars and the displacement of many Indian tribes. One of the Native Americans biggest killers was illness, specifically Small Pox. The immune system of the Native Americans did not have the same tolerances as that of the European Settlers. Their immune systems could not handle exposure to the diseases that they have never been exposed to before.It has been rumored the while trading with the Native Americans, the Illinois purposely gave them blankets infected with the Small pox disease. Small Pox was not the only illness that was prevalent during the settling of the colonies. Dobson (1983) and Merely (1984) report several European-induced epidemics in Florida, the Carolinas, and Virginia between 1519 and 1 750, including smallpox, bubonic plague, typhus, mumps, influenza, yellow fever, and measles, although Dobson research has been argued methodically unsound by others. Bubonic plague and scarlet fever depopulated the Seneca in the asses to such an extent that four village settlements were arced to amalgamate into two. Archaeologists found Seneca ceramics dating to the post-epidemic period that were characterized by rough, uneven craftsmanship, suggesting the epidemics killed a substantial percentage of skilled artisans and thus eliminated some cultural Illness was only one of the issues between Colonists and Indians. Another cause for poor relations between Native Americans and European Settlers was the constant push for acquiring new land by the Colonists. The Native Americans did not just want to give up their land and this resulted in war between the Indians and the Colonists. During this time Native Americans were sold into slavery belittled and removed from their land, due to the fact that the Colonists had more advanced technology and weapons. One of the major wars was the French and Indian War which resulted in the removal Of Native Americans from their land and many casualties on both sides. Over time many battles were fought over land, even after America was an established country with presidents, laws, and court systems.Native Americans were continually pushed out of their land for hundreds of years while they were forced to move west. The constant push of Native Americans UT of their land would cause an event known as the Trail of Tears where thousands of Indians were removed from their land by the Indian Removal Act. In 1830 the Congress of the United States passed the Indian Removal Act. Although many Americans were against the act, most notably Tennessee Congressman Dad Crockett, it passed any. Way. President Jackson quickly signed the bill into law.The Cherokees attempted to fight removal legally by challenging the removal laws in the Supreme Court and by establishing an independent Cherokee Nation. At first the court seemed to rule against the Indians. In Cherokee Nation v. Georgia, the Court refused to hear a case extending Georgians laws on the Cherokee because they did not represent a sovereign nation. In 1832, the U. S. Supreme Court ruled in favor of the Cherokee on the same issue in Worcester v. Georgia. In this case Chief Justice John Marshall ruled that the Cherokee Nation was sovereign, making the removal laws invalid.The Cherokee would have to agree to removal in a treaty. The treaty then would have to be ratified by the Senate (Trail Of Tears). Because of the many wars between Native Americans and the Colonists, Indians went from owning most of the land in America to being limited to a few reserves in their own country. Because of the colonists and the many years of war bewilder them and the Natives the Native American went from dominating America to now having pitiful reserves allotted to them.Their population dramatically decreased from the start, and kept declining after new diseases plagued them, bitter weather lashed at them during their treks across America from being pushed off their land, and because of the wars endless amounts of Natives were slaughtered. With the arrival of colonists came the demise of the Native Americans (Nubbin). The European Settlers would take advantage of tribes and use them for their own benefit. The Pawned became scouts.They were very successful in helping protect the railroad as it was being built across Nebraska, and they accompanied several U. S. Amy expeditions against the warring Sioux, Cheyenne, and Arapaho. But, by the late 1 8705, the Pawned Scouts were disbanded, and the U. S. Government had removed most members of the Pawned tribe from Nebraska to Indian Territory south of Nebraska (Conflict and Negotiation). Even after the Pawned Indians were instrumental in the retention of the railroad tracks, there land was still taken from them.During the colonial times many peace treaties were sign by both sides for ensure tranquility in the region. The Fort Laramie Treaty of 1851 was made in a effort to promote peace among settlers and rival tribes. The tribes and government negotiated a treaty with some key points: peace among tribes, $50,000 per tribe for 10 years, where the Indians were allowed to hunt and fish, and for the United States to establish roads and forts. If the treaty was violated then the Government could withhold the money from the tribes. Unfortunately the peace did not last.In 1 854 -? eight years before the Homestead Act -? some Alaska near Fort Laramie butchered an emigrants cow they thought was abandoned. Lat. John Grants and 29 soldiers were sent to investigate the incident. Grants opened fire on the Indian camp. The Indians retaliated, killing all of the soldiers. The next year Gene. William Harley was ordered to restore peace on the trail. He found a Alaska camp at Blue Water Creek in Garden County and attacked it, although the camp residents had nothing to do with the Grants slaughter. Harnesss troops killed 136 men, women, and children.Although peace was restored, pressure continued to build, and war broke out again in 1863 with attacks on Overland Trail travelers. In 1867 the Alaska pushed eastward and attacked a Join Pacific railroad train in Dawson County, Nebraska. Attempts at peaceful settlements resulted in payments of food, guns, and other goods to the Alaska (Conflict and Negotiation). So even after America gave its word in the form of a contract they would opt out of the deal as they pleased. With the United States being overbearing and power hungry, the allegations was doomed for failure.